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A substantial amount of synthetic plastics is polluting the environment, causing further problems through their incineration and decreasing landfill capacities (Leja and Lewandowicz 2010 Mierzwa-Hersztek et al. 2019). * Corresponding author: environmental pollution caused by the disposal of synthetic plastic packaging materials, including high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE) bags, films, and sachets, has received global attention. Keywords: Reinforcement Nanofiller Biopolymer composite Kappaphycus alvarezii AgarĬontact information: a: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, West Java 40132 Indonesia b: Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta 14430 Indonesia c: Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Campus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia d: Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208 Bangladesh e: Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung 45363 Indonesia This study verified that seaweed nanoparticles are compatible with agar matrix in terms of the enhancement of biopolymer composite properties. The samples had a desirable density of 0.0131 cm -1g -1 and a desirable biodegradability when 8 w/w% nanoparticles was used. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis verified that the 6% w/w% seaweed nanoparticles biopolymer composite showed a homogenous surface morphology and had a strong adhesion on the interfaces of the filler and matrix. The biopolymer composite film loaded with 6 w/w% seaweed nanoparticles appeared to achieve the highest mechanical strength. The results showed that the addition of seaweed nanoparticles in the biopolymer matrix improved the properties of the agar-based biopolymer composite, except for the water vapor barrier properties of the biopolymer composite. This work studied the effects of loading seaweed nanoparticles into an agar matrix by analyzing the physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and biodegradation properties, as well as the surface morphological properties of biopolymer composite. There is a need to develop an alternative packaging material from bio-based polymers to reduce plastic waste pollution. In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has received global attention. Nazrul Islam, d Sri Hartati, e and Tati Karliati a Rudi Dungani, a,* Ihak Sumardi, a Yoyo Suhaya, a Pingkan Aditiawati, a Safar Dody, b Enih Rosamah, c Md. Reinforcing Effects of Seaweed Nanoparticles in Agar-based Biopolymer Composite: Physical, Water Vapor Barrier, Mechanical, and Biodegradable Properties The samples had a desirable density of 0.0131 cm-1g-1 and a desirable biodegradability when 8 w/w% nanoparticles was used.
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" Reinforcing effects of seaweed nanoparticles in agar-based biopolymer composite: Physical, water vapor barrier, mechanical, and biodegradable properties," BioResources 16(3), 5118-5132. Dungani, R., Sumardi, I., Suhaya, Y., Aditiawati, P., Dody, S., Rosamah, E., Islam, M.